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Viktor Axmann
Viktor Axmann (given name: Vladoje Aksmanović; 29 August 1878, Osijek, Croatia – 3 March 1946, Valpovo, Croatia) was a Croatian Jewish architect.〔Osječki zbornik - Volumes 22-23 1997 - Page 234 (abstract summary following Croatian article) "SUMMARY - WHEN, WHERE AND HOW DIED FAMOUS ARCHITECT FROM OSIJEK VLADOJE AKSMANOVIC (VIKTOR AXMANN)? CONTRIBUTION TO BIOGRAPHY. Vladoje Aksmanović (Viktor Axmann by real name) is one of the most important and most famous architects in Osijek and Croatia of the first half of 20th century. He realized most of his works in Osijek."〕 He spent most of his life in Osijek, but he died in 1946 in a communist labor camp in Valpovo.
He finished the Technical College in Munich, Germany. Afterwards he specialized in Vienna, Austria, where he got in touch with contemporary ideas of urban architecture of Josef Hoffman, Otto Wagner and Camillo Sitte.
In 1905, he became a construction entrepreneur in Osijek, where he built numerous secession-style buildings. His most important work of that period is the Urania Cinema (built in 1912),〔Anne Teffo ''Croatie'' 2009 - Page 325 "Construit en 1912 sur les plans de l'architecte Viktor Axmann, il a toujours conservé sa vocation placée devant la Chambre des communes à Londres) et qui a réalisé à Osijek le Monument aux victimes du fascisme, sur la place Ljudevit Gaj."〕 for which he received a prestigious award at the 1st International Cinema Exhibition in Vienna. After World War I he gradually abandoned the secession in favor of modernism. In that period, he built numerous architecturally important buildings in Osijek, such as the Apprentices' Dormitory ((クロアチア語:Naučnički dom), built in 1923), Workers' Insurance Office (''Ispostava ureda za osiguranje radnika'', also 1923), two pavilions of the Osijek Hospital (''Osječka bolnica'', 1925), House of Falcons (''Sokolski dom'', 1928), Boarding School (''Đački dom'', 1929), the palace of the County Office of Workers' Insurance (''Okružni ured za osiguranje radnika'', 1936, co-projected with D. Špiller and J. Kastl) and Office of the Matches' Factory "Drava" Pension Fund (''Dom mirovinske zaklade tvornice žigica "Drava"'', 1940).
Axmann was also involved in urban planning. He tried to add modern ideas of spatial planning to organize Osijek metropolitan area. In that spirit, he created a series of plans. In 1906, he projected new streets in the heart of Osijek. Under Wagner's influence, in 1908, he projected Osijek main square and farmers' market. The same year he attended the 8th International Congress of Architects in Vienna. Aside from Axmann, the Club of Croatian Architects sent his representatives to the congress. However, Axmann's application to join the club had been denied two years before. In 1910, he projected the Sakuntala Park. Aside from urban planning and architecture, Axmann also wrote about urban problems of Osijek in the Gazette of the Croatia Society of Engineers and Architects.
==References==
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